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🌳 Field guide

British trees, shrubs & flowers

315 plants you can meet in Britain — the natives first, then the naturalised and widely planted ones that are ordinary in the countryside. Each gives you the field marks, the look-alike it is confused with and how to tell them apart, and the folklore and facts a quiz asks. 2076 flashcards, all feeding your daily review.

Test yourself

🌳 British trees, shrubs & flowers A photograph of a British tree, shrub or wildflower — what is it? 315 questions 🌳 Leaf, bark & tree A leaf, a piece of bark and the whole tree — name the British tree, the way you would in the field. 66 questions 🍃 British flora: field marks Bark, leaf, bud, flower or fruit described — name the British tree, shrub or wildflower. 1853 questions

Trees

66
Alder Alnus glutinosa Ash Fraxinus excelsior Aspen Populus tremula Atlas cedar Cedrus atlantica Beech Fagus sylvatica Bird cherry Prunus padus Black locust Robinia pseudoacacia Black poplar Populus nigra subsp. betulifolia Blackthorn Prunus spinosa Box Buxus sempervirens Cedar of Lebanon Cedrus libani Coast redwood Sequoia sempervirens Common lime Tilia × europaea Common walnut Juglans regia Common whitebeam Sorbus aria Corsican pine Pinus nigra subsp. laricio Crab apple Malus sylvestris Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii Downy birch Betula pubescens Elder Sambucus nigra English elm Ulmus procera English oak Quercus robur European larch Larix decidua Field maple Acer campestre Goat willow Salix caprea Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna Holly Ilex aquifolium Holm oak Quercus ilex Hornbeam Carpinus betulus Horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum Indian bean tree Catalpa bignonioides Japanese flowering cherry Prunus serrulata (Sato-zakura cultivars) Juniper Juniperus communis Laburnum Laburnum anagyroides Large-leaved lime Tilia platyphyllos Lawson cypress Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Leyland cypress Cupressus × leylandii Lodgepole pine Pinus contorta London plane Platanus × hispanica Midland hawthorn Crataegus laevigata Monkey puzzle Araucaria araucana Norway maple Acer platanoides Norway spruce Picea abies Red oak Quercus rubra Rowan Sorbus aucuparia Scots pine Pinus sylvestris Sessile oak Quercus petraea Silver birch Betula pendula Sitka spruce Picea sitchensis Small-leaved lime Tilia cordata Smooth-leaved elm Ulmus minor Strawberry tree Arbutus unedo Sweet chestnut Castanea sativa Sweet gum Liquidambar styraciflua Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus Tree of heaven Ailanthus altissima Tulip tree Liriodendron tulipifera Turkey oak Quercus cerris Weeping willow Salix × sepulcralis 'Chrysocoma' Western red cedar Thuja plicata White poplar Populus alba White willow Salix alba Wild cherry Prunus avium Wild service tree Sorbus torminalis Wych elm Ulmus glabra Yew Taxus baccata

Shrubs

48
Alder buckthorn Frangula alnus Barberry Berberis vulgaris Bay willow Salix pentandra Bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bell heather Erica cinerea Bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus Bog myrtle Myrica gale Bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. Buddleia Buddleja davidii Burnet rose Rosa pimpinellifolia Butcher's broom Ruscus aculeatus Cherry laurel Prunus laurocerasus Common broom Cytisus scoparius Common rock-rose Helianthemum nummularium Cowberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea Creeping willow Salix repens Cross-leaved heath Erica tetralix Crowberry Empetrum nigrum Dog rose Rosa canina Dogwood Cornus sanguinea Dwarf birch Betula nana Dwarf gorse Ulex minor Dwarf willow Salix herbacea Field rose Rosa arvensis Firethorn Pyracantha coccinea and allies Fuchsia Fuchsia magellanica Grey willow Salix cinerea Guelder rose Viburnum opulus Hazel Corylus avellana Honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum Japanese rose Rosa rugosa Mezereon Daphne mezereum Oregon grape Berberis aquifolium (Mahonia aquifolium) Osier Salix viminalis Purging buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica Red currant Ribes rubrum Rhododendron Rhododendron ponticum Sea buckthorn Hippophae rhamnoides Snowberry Symphoricarpos albus Spindle Euonymus europaeus Spurge laurel Daphne laureola Sweet briar Rosa rubiginosa Tamarisk Tamarix gallica Wall cotoneaster Cotoneaster horizontalis Wayfaring tree Viburnum lantana Western gorse Ulex gallii Wild privet Ligustrum vulgare Wild raspberry Rubus idaeus

Wildflowers & flowers

166
Agrimony Agrimonia eupatoria Alpine lady's-mantle Alchemilla alpina Arrowhead Sagittaria sagittifolia Autumn lady's-tresses Spiranthes spiralis Bee orchid Ophrys apifera Betony Betonica officinalis Bird's-eye primrose Primula farinosa Bird's-foot trefoil Lotus corniculatus Bird's-nest orchid Neottia nidus-avis Bladder campion Silene vulgaris Bloody cranesbill Geranium sanguineum Bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bog asphodel Narthecium ossifragum Bogbean Menyanthes trifoliata Broad-leaved helleborine Epipactis helleborine Brooklime Veronica beccabunga Bugle Ajuga reptans Bulrush (great reedmace) Typha latifolia Burnt orchid Neotinea ustulata Chalk milkwort Polygala calcarea Chicory Cichorium intybus Clustered bellflower Campanula glomerata Colt's-foot Tussilago farfara Common butterwort Pinguicula vulgaris Common chickweed Stellaria media Common cottongrass Eriophorum angustifolium Common dog-violet Viola riviniana Common knapweed Centaurea nigra Common mallow Malva sylvestris Common poppy Papaver rhoeas Common ragwort Jacobaea vulgaris Common spotted orchid Dactylorhiza fuchsii Common toadflax Linaria vulgaris Common twayblade Neottia ovata Common vetch Vicia sativa Corn marigold Glebionis segetum Cornflower Centaurea cyanus Cow parsley Anthriscus sylvestris Cowslip Primula veris Creeping buttercup Ranunculus repens Creeping thistle Cirsium arvense Cuckoo flower Cardamine pratensis Daisy Bellis perennis Dandelion Taraxacum officinale agg. Devil's-bit scabious Succisa pratensis Dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis Early marsh orchid Dactylorhiza incarnata Early purple orchid Orchis mascula Eyebright Euphrasia officinalis agg. Field forget-me-not Myosotis arvensis Field gentian Gentianella campestris Field pansy Viola arvensis Field scabious Knautia arvensis Flowering rush Butomus umbellatus Fly orchid Ophrys insectifera Foxglove Digitalis purpurea Fragrant orchid Gymnadenia conopsea Frog orchid Dactylorhiza viridis Frogbit Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata Ghost orchid Epipogium aphyllum Goldilocks buttercup Ranunculus auricomus Gorse Ulex europaeus Greater butterfly orchid Platanthera chlorantha Greater knapweed Centaurea scabiosa Greater stitchwort Rabelera holostea (formerly Stellaria holostea) Green alkanet Pentaglottis sempervirens Green-winged orchid Anacamptis morio Ground ivy Glechoma hederacea Groundsel Senecio vulgaris Harebell Campanula rotundifolia Heather Calluna vulgaris Hedge bindweed Calystegia sepium Hemp-agrimony Eupatorium cannabinum Herb Paris Paris quadrifolia Herb robert Geranium robertianum Himalayan balsam Impatiens glandulifera Hogweed Heracleum sphondylium Kidney vetch Anthyllis vulneraria Lady's bedstraw Galium verum Lady's slipper orchid Cypripedium calceolus Lesser celandine Ficaria verna Lesser periwinkle Vinca minor Lily of the valley Convallaria majalis Lizard orchid Himantoglossum hircinum Lords-and-ladies Arum maculatum Man orchid Orchis anthropophora Marsh cinquefoil Comarum palustre (Potentilla palustris) Marsh helleborine Epipactis palustris Marsh marigold Caltha palustris Marsh samphire Salicornia europaea Marsh thistle Cirsium palustre Marsh violet Viola palustris Marsh woundwort Stachys palustris Meadow buttercup Ranunculus acris Meadow cranesbill Geranium pratense Meadow vetchling Lathyrus pratensis Meadowsweet Filipendula ulmaria Military orchid Orchis militaris Monkey orchid Orchis simia Moschatel Adoxa moschatellina Moss campion Silene acaulis Mountain avens Dryas octopetala Mountain pansy Viola lutea Musk mallow Malva moschata Musk orchid Herminium monorchis Ox-eye daisy Leucanthemum vulgare Oxford ragwort Senecio squalidus Pasqueflower Pulsatilla vulgaris Primrose Primula vulgaris Purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria Purple saxifrage Saxifraga oppositifolia Pyramidal orchid Anacamptis pyramidalis Ragged robin Silene flos-cuculi Ramsons Allium ursinum Red bartsia Odontites vernus Red campion Silene dioica Red clover Trifolium pratense Red valerian Centranthus ruber Rock samphire Crithmum maritimum Rosebay willowherb Chamaenerion angustifolium Rough hawkbit Leontodon hispidus Round-headed rampion Phyteuma orbiculare Round-leaved sundew Drosera rotundifolia Salad burnet Sanguisorba minor Scentless mayweed Tripleurospermum inodorum Sea aster Tripolium pannonicum Sea bindweed Calystegia soldanella Sea campion Silene uniflora Sea holly Eryngium maritimum Sea kale Crambe maritima Sea lavender Limonium vulgare Sea thrift Armeria maritima Selfheal Prunella vulgaris Shepherd's purse Capsella bursa-pastoris Snowdrop Galanthus nivalis Southern marsh orchid Dactylorhiza praetermissa Spear thistle Cirsium vulgare Spring gentian Gentiana verna Sweet violet Viola odorata Tansy Tanacetum vulgare Teasel Dipsacus fullonum Tufted vetch Vicia cracca Viper's bugloss Echium vulgare Water avens Geum rivale Water forget-me-not Myosotis scorpioides Water mint Mentha aquatica Water plantain Alisma plantago-aquatica Water-crowfoot Ranunculus aquatilis White campion Silene latifolia White clover Trifolium repens White water-lily Nymphaea alba Wild carrot Daucus carota Wild pansy (heartsease) Viola tricolor Wild strawberry Fragaria vesca Wild thyme Thymus serpyllum Wood anemone Anemonoides nemorosa Wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella Wood spurge Euphorbia amygdaloides Yarrow Achillea millefolium Yellow archangel Lamium galeobdolon (syn. Lamiastrum galeobdolon) Yellow flag iris Iris pseudacorus Yellow horned-poppy Glaucium flavum Yellow loosestrife Lysimachia vulgaris Yellow rattle Rhinanthus minor Yellow water-lily Nuphar lutea

Ferns, grasses & other plants

35
Adder's-tongue fern Ophioglossum vulgatum Black bryony Dioscorea communis (formerly Tamus communis) Bracken Pteridium aquilinum Cock's-foot Dactylis glomerata Common couch Elymus repens (also Elytrigia repens) Common duckweed Lemna minor Common haircap Polytrichum commune Common ivy Hedera helix Common polypody Polypodium vulgare Common reed Phragmites australis Field horsetail Equisetum arvense Giant hogweed Heracleum mantegazzianum Great horsetail Equisetum telmateia Hart's-tongue fern Asplenium scolopendrium Japanese knotweed Reynoutria japonica (also Fallopia japonica) Jointed rush Juncus articulatus Juniper haircap Polytrichum juniperinum Lady fern Athyrium filix-femina Male fern Dryopteris filix-mas Marram grass Ammophila arenaria Marsh horsetail Equisetum palustre Mistletoe Viscum album Old man's beard Clematis vitalba Pendulous sedge Carex pendula Perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne Purple moor-grass Molinia caerulea Royal fern Osmunda regalis Sheep's fescue Festuca ovina Soft rush Juncus effusus Sphagnum moss Sphagnum Stinging nettle Urtica dioica Tufted hair-grass Deschampsia cespitosa White bryony Bryonia dioica Wild hop Humulus lupulus Yorkshire fog Holcus lanatus