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Portrait of Lucian Freud

Art · 20th century

Lucian Freud

1922–2011 · British

Figurative painting — the School of London

Lucian Freud painted the naked human body with a scrutiny that has never been matched: thick, mottled, unflattering flesh built up over hundreds of hours of sittings in his studio. A grandson of Sigmund Freud, he worked from life only, painted friends, lovers, children, a performance artist, a Jobcentre supervisor and the Queen.

How to spot them

  • ▸Naked bodies sprawled on bare boards, iron beds or heaped rags in a studio with a paint-crusted wall
  • ▸Skin built from thick Cremnitz white in greens, greys and purples; no idealising and no flattery
  • ▸He refused to call them nudes, preferring 'naked portraits', and worked only from the sitter in front of him
  • ▸Early work by contrast tight and linear, with huge, staring eyes — the influence of Ingres and northern painting

Key works

A vast naked woman asleep on a worn sofa; in 2008 it set a record for a work by a living artist at $33.6 million (1995)

Private collection

The sitter was Sue Tilley, a Jobcentre supervisor introduced by Leigh Bowery

No free image available (likely still in copyright) · see it on Wikipedia

An early portrait of the artist's first wife with a bull terrier, one breast bared, her eyes enormous (1951)

Tate, London

Kitty Garman, daughter of Jacob Epstein

No free image available (likely still in copyright) · see it on Wikipedia

A tiny head of the monarch wearing the diamond diadem, painted over about eighteen months of sittings and given to the sitter (2001)

Royal Collection, Windsor

Six inches by nine; the artist gave it to the Queen and refused any fee

No free image available (likely still in copyright) · see it on Wikipedia

A modern household arranged like a Watteau fête, five figures crowded on a bed in a west London room (1983)

Private collection

After Watteau's Pierrot Content; sold for about $86 million in 2022

No free image available (likely still in copyright) · see it on Wikipedia

A performance artist from Australia, painted naked and monumental, who became the artist's great late model (1990)

Private collection

Leigh Bowery, who died in 1994, also brought Sue Tilley to the studio

No free image available (likely still in copyright) · see it on Wikipedia

A self-portrait in which the artist looks up out of the canvas with two of his children watching from below (1965)

Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid

Painted from a mirror on the floor, so the artist looms over the viewer

No free image available (likely still in copyright) · see it on Wikipedia

Quick-fire facts

  • •Born in Berlin in 1922, a grandson of Sigmund Freud; the family moved to Britain in 1933 and he became a British subject in 1939
  • •His brother was the broadcaster and Liberal MP Sir Clement Freud; his own children include the novelist Esther Freud and the fashion designer Bella Freud
  • •Served briefly in the Merchant Navy in 1941 before being invalided out
  • •Married Kitty Garman, daughter of Jacob Epstein, and then Lady Caroline Blackwood; he fathered a large and famously uncounted number of children
  • •Grouped by R. B. Kitaj as one of the 'School of London' with Francis Bacon, Frank Auerbach, Leon Kossoff and Michael Andrews; he and Bacon were close friends and then estranged
  • •Switched in the 1950s from fine sable brushes to hog's hair and Cremnitz white, which gave the late work its heavy impasto
  • •A heavy gambler for much of his life, painting to pay off bookmakers
  • •Benefits Supervisor Sleeping sold for $33.6 million in 2008, then a record for a living artist; Benefits Supervisor Resting made $56.2 million in 2015
  • •Awarded the Order of Merit in 1993; died in London on 20 July 2011, aged 88

Drill it — 8 cards

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Sources