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Portrait of Georgia O'Keeffe

Art · 20th century

Georgia O'Keeffe

1887–1986 · American

American Modernism — the 'Mother of American Modernism'

Georgia O'Keeffe magnified flowers until they filled the canvas, and reduced the New Mexico desert to bones, adobe walls and clean bands of colour. Independent of every movement, she worked for seven decades, was promoted (and photographed) by Alfred Stieglitz, and spent her last forty years in New Mexico.

How to spot them

  • ▸A single flower enlarged to fill the whole canvas, cropped at the edges, so the petals read as folded landscape
  • ▸Sun-bleached animal skulls and pelvis bones floating above a desert horizon, sometimes with a hole of blue sky showing through
  • ▸Smooth, almost airbrushed paint with no visible brushmarks and flat, clarified colour
  • ▸New York skyscrapers at night from her Shelton Hotel window in the 1920s — the one urban chapter

Key works

A giant white trumpet-shaped flower from a poisonous weed; in 2014 it set a record price for a work by a woman (1932)

Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Bentonville, Arkansas

Jimson Weed/White Flower No. 1, sold for $44.4 million in 2014

No free image available (likely still in copyright) · see it on Wikipedia

A bleached skull hung against a vertical black stripe between two blue bands, painted as an answer to the search for the Great American Novel (1931)

Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Her deliberately 'American' picture, made to tease the novelists of the day

No free image available (likely still in copyright) · see it on Wikipedia

A dark purple flower opened to fill the canvas, the painting whose sexual readings the artist always denied by Georgia O'Keeffe

A dark purple flower opened to fill the canvas, the painting whose sexual readings the artist always denied (1926)

Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Black Iris III

Image: Georgia O'Keeffe · Public domain, Wikimedia Commons

Blazing scarlet blooms cropped so hard that the petals become pure abstract field by Georgia O'Keeffe

Blazing scarlet blooms cropped so hard that the petals become pure abstract field (1927)

Weisman Art Museum, University of Minnesota

Oriental Poppies

Image: Georgia O’Keeffe · Public domain, Wikimedia Commons

A horned skull with a white flower, hovering above red hills in the New Mexico desert (1935)

Brooklyn Museum, New York

One of the emblematic images of her Ghost Ranch years

No free image available (likely still in copyright) · see it on Wikipedia

A twenty-four-foot canvas of flat white clouds stretching to the horizon, painted from an aeroplane window at 77 (1965)

Art Institute of Chicago

Too large to travel to many exhibitions; painted in her garage at Abiquiú

No free image available (likely still in copyright) · see it on Wikipedia

Quick-fire facts

  • •Born on a dairy farm at Sun Prairie, Wisconsin, in 1887; studied at the Art Institute of Chicago and the Art Students League
  • •Her abstract charcoals were shown without her knowledge by Alfred Stieglitz at his 291 gallery in 1916
  • •Married Stieglitz in 1924; he photographed her more than 300 times and she kept her own name
  • •Painted New York skyscrapers from the Shelton Hotel in the 1920s before turning to the Southwest
  • •First visited New Mexico in 1929 and moved there permanently in 1949, dividing her time between Ghost Ranch and Abiquiú
  • •Always denied that her flowers were sexual imagery, blaming the critics' own associations
  • •Received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977 and the National Medal of Arts in 1985
  • •Lost much of her central vision to macular degeneration in the 1970s and turned increasingly to clay; died in Santa Fe in 1986, aged 98
  • •The Georgia O'Keeffe Museum opened in Santa Fe in 1997

Drill it — 7 cards

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Sources